The Heart and Cirulatory System

The circulatory system carries nourishment and oxygen to, and waste and carbon dioxide away from, the tissues and organs of the body. It may be considered as a closed loop hydraulic system, and indeed you will find that it possess many of properties of such a system.

The heart serves as a pump to move blood through vessel called as arteries  and veins. Blood is carried away from the heart in arteries and is brought back to the heart in veins.

In actuality the heart is a dual pump consisting of two chambered pump on both left and right sides. The upper chambers are inputs to the pumps, and are called atria (atrium singular). The lower chambers of the heart are called ventricles, and are the pump outputs.

When blood is circulated through the body it carried oxygen (O2) and nutrients to the organs and tissues, and returns carrying carbon dioxide (CO2) and the various waste products that are to be excreted through the kidneys. The deoxygenated blood is returned to the right side of the heart via the venous system. Blood from the head and arms, as well as the rest of the upper portion of the body, returns to the heart through the superior vena cava, while blood from the lower portion of the body returns through the inferior vena cava. Note that the terms "inferior" and "superior" refer not to some qualitative assessment, but to the respective positions of the two vessels. The "inferior" is generally lower placed in the body than the superior.

Blood leaves the right atrium through the tricuspid valve to enter the right ventricle. From the right ventricle it passes through the pulmonary semilunar valve to the pulmonary artery. This vessel carries blood to the lungs where CO2 is given up and O2 is taken on. 

Blood returning from the lungs via the pulmonary vein re-enters the heart through the left atrium. It then passes through the mitral valve to the  left ventricle, and then back into the mainstream of the cilculatory system via the aortic valve. The great artery attached to the left ventricle is called the aorta. Blood then circulates through the body to again returns to the right side of the heart via the superior and inferior vena cava.

Preventif Maintenance

The biomedical engineering department in a hospital should take responsibility for establishing an equipment safety program. Such a program should conform to safety regulations established by government agencies and professional organizations. The program is necessary to ensure the safety of patients and health care workers in the hospital. Specific regulations must be met in order to secure accreditation and license to operate.

The instrumentation described in the preceding sections is used to make safety tests and to ensure safety in the hospital. Here we present a sample program in order to discuss the issues involved. A specific safety program would need to be geared to a particular clinical situation and would of course differ from that described here.

There are many instrument, medicines, and procedures used to deliver health care in a hospital for the benefit of patients may also present hazards. In order to protect patients and health care workers, hospital regulations have been developed to cope with hazards of electricity, radiation, magnetism, toxics, infections agents, pressure, flame, heat, explosion, and energy interruptions.

Preventive maintenance is done on medical equipment to make sure that it is safe and in proper working order. The inspections necessary to ensure that safety specifications are met are a part of the preventive maintenance procedure. Furthermore, equipment should be inspected to ensure that is calibrated accurately. Physicians use the output data from medical equipment to make diagnoses and to prescribe treatment of disease, so inaccurate data from the equipment can clearly lead to serious mistakes. Preventive maintenance can protect a patient by reducing the likelihood of these mistakes.

Preventive maintenance procedures are recommended by the manufacturers of equipment and are usually given in the equipment service manual. Every biomedical equipment shop should have a program of regular preventive maintenance that goes beyond the basic safety checks described in the previous section.

The frequency of preventive maintenance depends on how vital the instrumentation is and on the frequency of observed failures. Preventive maintenance of equipment used to maintain vital functions such as patient blood circulation or breathing should be more frequent than that of equipment that does not come in contact with the patient. Also, if a particular kind of equipment is observed to fail frequently, it should be scheduled for more frequent inspections.

In spite of all precautions taken, however, equipment will fail. In fact, certain parts of equipment are wearing parts, and, like automobile tires, must be changed periodically. X-ray tubes, chemical electrodes, and air filters are examples of wearing parts in medical equipment. In any case, when the equipment becomes inoperative, it is necessary to do troubleshooting and repair.

Note : Better IF have a good maintenance log book system schedule. That writing at preventive maintenance check list

IPSRS

Pada satu waktu, pada saat rapat koordinasi wakil direktur RSUD tempat saya bekerja bertanya kepada saya tentang berbagai hal yang berkaitan dengan IPSRS. Kami biasa menyebut IPSRS dengan istilah Insar (Instalasi Sarana), mungkin warisan dari RSUD Serang-mohon dimaklum, pertamakali IPSRS terbentuk disaat kami dipimpin oleh direktur yang nota bene pernah menjabat sebagai wakil direktur di RSUD Serang, juga termasuk saya yang juga dipimpin oleh beliau.

Apakah IPSRS?

Pertanyaan krusial menurut saya.

Katanya IPSRS adalah Instalasi Pemeliharaan Sarana dan prasarana Rumah Sakit.

Saya buka blognya profesi teknik elektromedik, disitu tertulis : IPS-RS singkatan dari Instalasi Prasarana dan Sarana Rumah Sakit. 

Tapi pada artikel lain  dalam blog yang sama lain lagi kepanjangannya : IPSRS adalah singkatan dari Instalasi Pemeliharaan Sarana Rumah Sakit. Bahkan ditambahkan lagi dengan definisinya : IPSRS adalah organisasi dalam Rumah Sakit yang bersifat teknis dan koordinatif yang pelaksanaannya meliputi perbaikan sarana dan peralatan yang ada di Rumah Sakit.

Satu lagi kepanjangan IPSRS yang muncul di blog tersebut : IPSRS (Instalasi Pemeliharaan Sarana Rumah Sakit)

Tambah lieur urang. Jadi, yang benar dan tepat apakah IPSRS?

Ada yang bisa bantu??